MOT THIEN TAI TUNG THIEN VUONG

1-Trong so nhung nguoi con uu-tu cua xu Hue,nhung nguoi lam rang ro vung dat da cuu mang cuoc song va tam hon minh, chung ta phai ke toi nha tho Tung Thien Vuong Mien Tham o the ky thu XIX. Co the noi ong da gop phan lam rang danh cho vung dat mong mo, tram mac, nhung bi trang nay bang su nghiep tho ca.

Co ai khong nho 2 cau tho luu-truyen cua cac si-phu duong-thoi ton-xung 4 danh-si Viet Nam o the-ky XIX.

Van nhu Sieu, Quat vo Tien Han,

Thi dao Tung ,Tuy that Thinh Duong.

Co nghia la :

Van nhu Sieu Quat mo Tien Han,

Tho den Tung Tuy nhat Thinh Duong.

Do la 4 danh-si Nguyen Van Sieu, Cao Ba Quat, Tung Thien Vuong, Tuy Ly Vuong. Nha tho Luong-An cho rang : Tung Thien Vuong cung Tuy Ly Vuong la 2 dinh co-ca, neu khong noi la cao nhat trong dong tho chu Han cua nuoc ta luc bay gio.

Vua Tu-Duc, cung la mot nha tho co tap "Ngu Che Thi Tap" da goi Tung Thien Vuong la "Nhat Dai Thi Ong"

Ve su-nghiep van-chuong, Tung Thien Vuong de lai mot di-san kha do-so gan 14 bo sach trong do co bo "Thuong Son Thi Tap", la cong-trinh day nhat

gom 54 quyen, chia ra lam 8 tap, hon 2200 bai tho. Ve so-luong, Ong la mot nha tho thuoc loai viet nhieu nhat nuoc. Con ve chat-luong nhu da noi qua 2 cau tho luu-truyen tren va su danh-gia tot buc cua vua Tu-Duc.

Khong chi la cac danh-gia cua nguoi trong nuoc, cac danh-si Trung Quoc duong thoi cung som nhan ra tai tho cua Tung Thien Vuong.

Chung Ung Nguyen, nha tho Trung-Quoc o Bac-Kinh da tung viet :

Nhuoc xu nguyen tinh giang Trung Quoc

Han Trao, To Hai si dong luu

Hu ta, cong ho thuy du tru

Hu ta, cong ho vo du tru.

Co nghia la :

Neu nha tho Tung Thien Vuong sinh o Trung-Quoc,

Thi tai tho sanh cung hai nha tho lon Han Du va To Thuc,

Than oi ! doi nay ai sanh vai ?

Than oi ! doi nay khong co ai sanh vai duoc ?

Mot danh-si Trung Quoc la Le Tan, tung khen tho Tung Thien Vuong nhu sau :

Gian tac thi ca khap quy than

Nghia la :

Tho ca cua ong song-dong den quy- than cung phai khoc .

Phung Tan Quan mot danh-si va la nha dia-ly Trung Quoc da danh gia la nho non nuoc huu-tinh cua xu Hue da san sinh ra mot nha tho kiet-xuat.

Thuong-Son sac tu vo ty,

Huong giang thuy thanh tha my

Son xuyen sinh khi tu chung linh

Kiet xuat Nam bang Bach Hao Tu.

Nghia la :

Nui Thuong Son dep khong ke xiet,

Giong Huong Giang nuoc trong biec my le.

Nho tinh khi cua non song ay,

Da san sinh ra nha tho Bach Hao Tu kiet xuat cua nuoc Nam.

Bach Hao Tu chinh la mot trong nhung biet-hieu cua nha tho Tung Thien Vuong vay.

2-DOI NET VE CUOC DOI

Tung Thien Vuong- Mien Tham la con trai thu 10 cua vua Minh Mang. Me la ba Thuc Tan Nguyen Khac Buu.

Ong sinh ngay 24 thang 10 nam Ky Mao, tuc la 11 thang 12 nam 1819 va mat ngay 30/04/1870 tuc la ngay 30/3 nam Canh Ngo, chi huong-duong co 52 tuoi.

La hoang-tu, ong sinh ra va lon len trong cung-that. Tu buoi thieu-thoi, ong duoc trang-bi mot nen hoc-van sau rong theo tinh-than va triet-ly Khong Manh.

La mot ong hoang thong-minh, ma tam-hon nhay-cam voi ve dep thien-nhien,dat nuoc,dau long truoc canh lam-than,bat cong,uat-uc cam phan khi que-huong bi day xeo,lai duoc me hien day bao, va cac thay Phu-Dao la cac bac danh-si tham nho,dao cao, duc trong, Truong Dang Que va Than Van Quyen huong-dan,nen tai-nang cua ong som hien-lo la hay chu hay tho tu luc 12 tuoi.

Tu khi moi lon len, Mien Tham da co y-tuong ve mot cach song xung dang khong giong cac ong hoang khac : trung-thuc, dieu gi cung tu minh suy xet, gan gui voi dan-chung, khong sa vao ham muon tam- thuong, co y- thuc giup doi, giup nuoc, giup dan va bang con duong van-hoa, truoc-tac, va sang- tac van- chuong,day hoc.

Chiu anh-huong cua nhung mat tich-cuc trong tu-tuong Nho giao nhu "ai dan, nhan chinh" , "khuong thoi,cuu the", "tien duc,tu nghiep", som hinh thanh trong ong, con nguoi co tam long thuong yeu dan chung that su, co tinh than yeu nuoc thiet-tha, long ham hoc-hoi suot doi va luon trau-doi dao-duc, hoan thien nhan-cach.

Ong la nguoi hoc rong hieu nhieu,trong bai tu-thuat luc ong 50 tuoi, ong da ke la minh da doc toi 60 van loi van,trang sach.

La con nguoi yeu thien-nhien, got chan du-khach cua ong da tung phieu-lang hau nhu tat ca nhung canh dep cua Thua Thien Hue va mot phan xu Bac, dau vet cac phong-canh my-le cua dat nuoc, bau troi, rang may, song nuoc, nui non, chua chien, dinh thap in dam dau-vet trong tho ong.

Ong l;a nguoi ket-giao rong-rai voi cac thi-nhan duong thoi o dat Than-Kinh va ca nuoc. Ong thanh-lap Tao Dan " Mac-Van Thi-Xa" noi hoi-tu cac van-nhan, thi-si cua dat Hue, de trao-doi tho van, khuyen-khich sang-tac o "Ky Thuong Vien" ,nay mot phan con lai la Phu Tung Thien o so 45 Phan Dinh Phung,ben nay song An Cuu, cho o giua hai cau Phu-Cam va Lo-Ren. Tran Thanh Mai nam 1939, co viet ve "Mac-Van Thi-Xa" va "Ky Thuong Vien" nhu sau : "Khong ngay nao so van-nhan hoi-hoa o do duoi nua tram nguoi, Tung Thien Vien nhu la mot vi Manh Thuong Quan nho nho".

Nhan Sung Khanh,danh vi Trung Quoc da tung den tham Mac-Van Thi-Xa o Ky Thuong Vien viet "

"Phan tai truc bach Nguy Tao Thuc

Ai khach cach sieu Te Manh Thuong"

Co nghia la :

"So tai chang kem gi Tao Thuc doi Nguy,

Yeu khach con hon ca Manh Thuong".

Mot su Tau co tang Ky Thuong Vien mot tam bien "Thuong Ha Lo Bach Duong" voi y rang :"Chu-nhan la nguoi thanh-cao,nhu giot suong trang tren ngon lau,ban be yeu men".

Co the xem "Mac-Van Thi-Xa"la Hoi van-hoc Thua-Thien o the-ky XIX. Ky Thuong Vien la tru-so cua Hoi, va nguoi dung dau la nha tho Tung Thien Vuong. Nhung hoi do, hoi van-hoc nay cung cua ca Thu-Do.

Trong cac van-nhan, ong choi than voi Cao Ba Quat, Nguyen Ham Ninh. Tuy Ly Vuong, Nguyen Thong, nhung tham-giao nhat van la Cao Ba Quat.

Khi xa Cao Ba Quat, ong tung viet trong bai tang Cao Chu Than :

""Mu mit troi xa co mot minh,

Ven troi thui-thui, bong ben hinh.

Cuc tung vuon cu hoan bo co,

Suong gio thau dem nho ban tinh.

Tinh-than vi ban,phuong Nam ngong,

Mong som "ga vang gay truoc san ""

Cao Ba Quat cung tung gui lai cho ong mot bai tho :

""Bo pho tua ghe luon than dai,

Toc dom than tan ,than xau gay,

Tri-ky van-chuong gia gap hiem,

Ao com ngheo tung luy than day.""

Va chinh Cao Ba Quat da viet loi bat cho mot tap tho cua Mien Tham nhu sau :

"Tho cua Quoc Cong dau phai doi den ngay nay moi noi den ? Va dau phai doi den Quat nay moi noi duoc ? Mua ruou o noi truong-dinh, coi ao boi hoi,ngan vinh cac bai tho "Ha Thuong" cua Quoc Cong,long khach cung cam thay xa xam voi voi."

Ong muon tu minh lo lieu viec lam an de do phien bong loc cua trieu-dinh. Ong dung ra lo-lieu thuc-ap cua ong, chu-trong lam ruong, lap vuon. Ong chuyen tam lo den dong-ang, lo dan thuy nhap dien, chia se voi noi mat mua, duoc mua cua dan. Ong giao-duc con chau dung y-lai, hay tu lo-lieu doi song cua minh. Ong chi bao cho con chau : "Ta mong con chau sau nay biet giu theo chi-huong cua ta,dau ngheo cung khong den noi lam dieu bat-thien."

Ong con yeu nghe day hoc va tung day nhung hoc tro hien-dat sau nay nhu Nguyen-Trong-Hop, Pham-Phu-Thu.

Doi voi Me, ong la nguoi chi-hieu. Khi mau-than con song,ong va 3 co em gai het suc phung-duong me. Ong da xin dua me ra khoi cung de ve song voi ong cho tien cham-soc khio me da het cu tang vua Minh Mang. Khi mau than ong tu-tran, ong roi bo tat ca dung leu tranh ben mo me o lang Duong Xuan de cu-tang va ong da viet bai "Than dao hieu" de ton xung cong-duc cua me.

Ong tung viet nhung cau tho ve me rat cam-dong.

"Nuoc trong mot chen vui con me,

Nay thiet sinh tu co ich gi "

Hay

"Suot doi nho den me hien,

Mua sa gio tap ben ngoai,

Trong long mo-tuong den nguoi khong nguoi".

Tho cua Tung Thien Vuong dieu-luyen,ham-suc. Tuy Ly Vuong da nhan xet " Tho ong nhu rang may giua troi, hoa co giua nui, cau thi co tieng nhac, chu thi co sac mau "

Tho cua ong gang lien voi thoi cuoc, nho thoi cuoc ma tho tro nen sac-sao, tram-thong.

Lich-su da dut ong ra khoi rang buoc giai-cap, tam long chan thanh cua ong da hoa-dong voi bat cu nguoi yeu nuoc nao song cung thoi voi ong.

Chinh cai tam-thuc ay da thuc-tinh con nguoi tich-cuc dau voi doi,voi nuoc,voi dan,huong den mot dong tho hien-thuc, mang nang tam-hon Viet, dat den nhung dinh cao nghe-thuat tho ca cua mot thoi.

Ben canh going tho viet ve thien-nhien cua ong, dat toi muc do hoan hao, goi ra nhung buc tranh thanh-thoat, phiei-dieu nhung luon luon ngu mot chut it noi-niem u-hoai.

Da 130 nam ke tu ngay nha tho ve "coi thoat-tuc" , nhung cau tho cua ong, tam long ong doi voi canh-vat, voi nuoc, voi dan van hinh nhu con da mot tam-su thiet-tha khong khuya nhu bai tuyet-but cua ong,viet truoc luc lam-chung :

"Nua doi hoc dao van mung lung,

Trut dep duong di moi ro rang.

Thien-Mu, Tuy-Van trang voi song,

Bong rung, huong nuoc nho ta chang ?

BUU NAM